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Characteristics of a Fascist Citizen (Italy, 1922-1945) copy 02
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Adapted from Umberto Eco's essay "On Ur-Fascism," which specifically considered Italian fascism.
Cult of tradition: the Italian fascists upheld a mythical (and false) account of pre-modern history.
Rejection of modernism: they rejected the achievments of the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason, which they considered to mark the beginning of the downfall of Western civilization.
Action for action's sake: fascists were expected to act decisively and on instinct.
Reflection or thoughtfulness were considered weak.
Disagreement is treason: the scientific method teaches us that knowledge is produced through analysis and disagreement.
Italian fascists believed that reality was created by power.
To critique someone was the same as attacking them.
Fear of difference: fascists had a deep fear/hatred of people who were unlike them.
Appeal to a frustrated middle class: Italy was struggling economically when Mussolini came to power.
Many middle class people felt humiliated because their privileges/standard of living had diminished.
Obsession conspiracy: unable to comprehend the reasons for their diminished circumstances, Italian fascists became convinced that they were the victims of a plot or betrayal.
The perpetrators of this betrayal were often (falsely) thought to be minorities.
Enemies are portrayed as both too strong and too weak: seemingly contradictory, but the enemies of fascism are described as both an all powerful conspiracy destroying society and weak, cowardly, and subhuman.
Pacifism is treason: refusing to take part in fascist violence was considered a betrayal.
Contempt for the weak: those who suffered were blamed for their own suffering.
This partially explains why the middle class could not accept that their own suffering was the result of anything other than a conspiracy of betrayal.
Everybody is educated to become a hero: the ideal man in fascist society was a war hero.
Machismo: fascists expressed disdain for women and homosexuals, whom they regarded as weak.
Selective populism: populism is a political strategy where an appeal is made to people who feel unrepresented by the political system.
But fascists where very selective in what kind of person they upheld as the "voice of the people."
Use of an impoverished vocabulary: fascism was anti-intellectual, in part to limit the critical thinking skills of the people.
Jadore P(Sep 24 2020 12:09PM):
A lot of pressure was put on their shoulders...how could they just expect someone to make a wise decision without considering other options?
Cortez M(Sep 24 2020 3:12PM):
this shows how much things over time changes because in today age if you dont think before you act you are considered wild or delinquent
Alexander C(Sep 24 2020 3:22PM):
It's almost the exact opposite of what most of us are taught. Although I want to point out that this idea was not "normal" for the time, but it was normalIZED in Italy.
Latrace S(Sep 24 2020 3:06PM):
They're basically saying it's a crime to have your own opinion which is giving me a vibe that they want everyone brainwashed.
Linda J(Sep 24 2020 3:20PM):
I feel as though the italians were wrong for having this thought process because people are entitled to think what they want and feel how they want.
Alexander C(Sep 24 2020 3:15PM):
Yes, they did not like change. Fascism is a very backward looking philosophy. Mussolini claimed he wanted to reestablish the Roman Empire!
Tia J(Sep 24 2020 3:09PM):
This is similar to what's going on now, racism. People judge or have hate for someone because they're not like them, whether they're black or white, rich or poor, etc.
Linda J(Sep 24 2020 3:24PM):
When a new person (Mussoloni came into power the middle class lost a lot of their privileges and they´re way of living because of betrayal which was wrong and it caused them to suffer.
Latrace S(Sep 24 2020 3:10PM):
It's weird how they turned their anger and frustrations on the group that has the least amount of power. Maybe try looking at the people in charge...
Alexander C(Sep 24 2020 3:13PM):
Truly baffling! The people causing your problems are the only people worse off than you are? Seems outrageous, but many people still believe things like this.
Brian S(Sep 24 2020 3:12PM):
A person who disagrees with fascists should not be treated as a threat or a weakling, or even both for that matter.
[Edited]more
These fascists were crazy, paranoid, and over all just terrible in every way.
Latrace S(Sep 24 2020 3:11PM):
It's funny how the men expressed disdain for women. If you don't like women then you must like men, so maybe they were the homosexuals they expressed disdain for.
Lauren W(Sep 24 2020 3:12PM):
This reminds me how it was back then. If you were not a man that took care of everything then you had less control and were weak
Carvel K(Sep 24 2020 3:14PM):
It's a shame how they degrade women & homosexuals. What does their identity have anything to do with what they're capable of accomplishing?
Elisia L(Sep 24 2020 3:22PM):
As long as people don't have the resources to learn and think for themselves the people in power have the control. The people won't know how to decipher whether or not they are being treated properly.
Venisha B(Sep 24 2020 12:12PM):
It´s bad to have an opinion of your own,to them it isn´t okay to be different.If your beliefs didn match others then it was considered a crime.
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People who think like this must of have e something tragic happen to them in their life to think like this.
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I feel not having the right to express your opinion or the idea of a ‘brainwashed’ society is extremely scary and dangerous.
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These fascists were crazy, paranoid, and over all just terrible in every way.
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So people were made intentially dumb?
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I mean it seems like a bad idea anyway. Without knowledge how could even fight in a war let alone win one.
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