Unit 3 DBQ - P5
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Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which rulers of land-based empires were able to consolidate their power in the period 1450-1750.
Document 1
Father Paul Simon, missionary to the Safavid court of Shah Abbas the Great in the city of Isfahan, his report to Pope Clement VIII, 1605
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“He is very valiant and has a great liking for warfare and weapons of war, which
he has constantly in his hands: we have been eye-witnesses of this because, whenever we were with him, he was adjusting his [swords], testing his [muskets], etc: . . . This is the great experience, which he has obtained of warfare over so many years, that he makes it in person and from the first has made him a fine soldier and very skilled, and his men so dexterous that they are little behind our men in Europe. He has introduced into his militia the use of and esteem for [muskets], in which they are very practiced. Therefore it is that his realm has been so much extended on all sides. . . . All the above mentioned soldiers, who will total some 100,000, receive pay for the whole year. “ 
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Apr 20
the visiting missionaries witness how important military power is to these rulers and how it shows how strong an empire is
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I think this is a perfect document to place under a military category because it talks about how the Safavid army used gunpowder, which is a major method of power consolidation in the time period. 
Apr 20
This shows military because it says that he is very skilled and his men are very dexterous 
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shows how he had a strong army that was well prepared for war 
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Riley Mackinson
Riley Mackinson
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This supports military because the leader has become proficient in war and because of this his men have too.
[Edited]
Apr 20
This shows militarism because the missionary is talking about how he made his men very skilled and he is always involved with warfare. 
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Apr 20
I think it goes under military because it shows how the leader controls the military and created an elite group of soldiers.
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This shows that the ruler of the Safavid Empire put a large emphasis on the training of his soldiers in the military, especially in the use of muskets. In order to consolidate power, he expanded his military. 
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This gives a specific example as muskets are mentioned |
Document 2
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Hapsburg Ambassador to Suleiman the Magnificent, Constantinople, from letters sent to the Austrian Emperor, 1554 to 1562
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“The sultan’s hall was crowded with people, . . . but there was not in all that
great assembly a single man who owed his position to anything save valor and merit. No distinction is attached to birth among the Turks. . . . In making his appointments, the Sultan pays no regard to any pretensions on the score of wealth or rank, nor does he take into consideration recommendations or popularity. He considers each case on its own merits, and examines carefully into the character, ability, and disposition of the man whose promotion is in question. . . . Those who receive the highest offices from the Sultan . . . do not believe that high qualities are either natural or hereditary, nor do they think that they can be handed down from father to son, but that they are partly the gift of God, and partly the result of good training [in state schools], great industry, and unwearied zeal. . . Among the Turks, therefore, honors, high posts, and judgeships are the rewards of great ability and good service. If a man be dishonest, or lazy, or careless, he remains at the bottom of the ladder. This is the reason that they are successful in their undertakings . . . and are daily extending the bounds of their empire.”
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This displays a bureaucracy based off merit because it is not based off birth whether or not someone gets a position it is based of their character. This also shows the Sultan building a bureaucracy.
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Rather than appointing his men based on where they were born, the Sultan gave people positions based on their own merit, intelligence, and accomplishments. By creating a bureaucracy based on merit and intelligence, he was able to consolidate power.
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Luca Cousins
Luca Cousins
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This goes under bureaucracy because it talks about how the Turks based burecratic office admission on merit rather than familial lineage.
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I think that they goes under religion because it shows that the leader got lots of his power from a gift of God.
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This shows bureaucracy because the Ambassador is talking about how they train their bureaucratic workers to all believe the same thing.
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making the government not based on natural or hereditary factors. Helping the people obtain support for the leader because of the equal opportunities for everyone. |
Document 3
Source: Peter I, Decree on Compulsory Education of the Russian Nobility (1714)
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Send to every gubernia [region] some persons from mathematical schools to teach the children of the nobility—except those of freeholders and government clerks—mathematics and geometry; as a penalty [for evasion] establish a rule that no one will be allowed to marry unless he learns these [subjects]. Inform all prelates to issue no marriage certificates to those who are ordered to go to schools. . . . The Great Sovereign has decreed: in all gubernias children between the ages of ten and fifteen of the nobility, of government clerks, and of lesser officials, except those of freeholders, must be taught mathematics and some geometry. Toward that end, students should be sent from mathematical schools [as teachers], several into each gubernia, to prelates and to renowned monasteries to establish schools. During their instruction these teachers should be given food and financial remuneration . . . from gubernia revenues set aside for that purpose by personal orders of His Imperial Majesty. No fees should be collected from students. When they have mastered the material, they should then be given certificates written in their own handwriting. When the students are released they ought to pay one ruble each for their training. Without these certificates they should not be allowed to marry nor receive marriage certificates.
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Document # 4
Source: The Edicts of Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Excerpts from Collection of Swords, 1588
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Farmers of all provinces are strictly forbidden to have in their possession any swords, short swords, bows, spears, firearms, or other types of weapons. If unnecessary implements of war are kept, the collection of annual rent (nengu) may become more difficult, and without provocation uprisings can be fomented. Therefore, those who perpetrate improper acts against samurai who receive a grant of land (kyūnin) must be brought to trial and punished. However, in that event, their wet and dry fields will remain unattended, and the samurai will lose their rights (chigyō) to the yields from the fields. Therefore, the heads of the provinces, samurai who receive a grant of land, and deputies must collect all the weapons described above and submit them to Hideyoshi’s government.
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Document #5
Source: The Kangxi Emperor at the age of 45, painted in 1699
This would be considered under the art category because the paintings were completed in order to legitimize and consolidate power by displaying rulers as scholarly people
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