The plight of refugees Block 2
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asylum:
Protection given by a government to someone who has left another country to escape being harmed
human rights:
Basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to, no matter their nationality, gender, ethnicity, race, religion, or political views
refugees:
People fleeing wars, conflict, or persecution in their countries
The plight of refugees, asylum-seekers and IDPs
around the globe By National Geographic Society
Refugees are people who must leave their home area for their own safety or survival. A refugee's home area could be a country, state or region. People become refugees for many reasons, including war, oppression, natural disasters and climate change.
Most refugee laws are based on a 1951 United Nations (U.N.) document, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The Convention was created to deal with the large number of people displaced by World War II. According to the Convention, refugees are people who leave their home countries "owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality or membership of a particular social group or political opinion."
The Convention originally limited this definition to refugees from war-torn Europe. In 1967, the U.N, expanded it to include refugees from any conflict or disaster.
Today, refugees can seek asylum in any of the 147 countries that have signed the Convention. Asylum is the protection from oppression or hardship offered by another country. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is an international resource for refugees and countries offering asylum.
Refugee status is an official decision made by the country providing asylum or an international agency. A person who is seeking asylum but has not yet received refugee status is called an asylum-seeker. Countries that have signed the Convention have agreed not to deport asylum-seekers to places where their lives or freedom may be in danger. Once an asylum-seeker is approved for refugee status, the host country is expected to provide civil rights, the right to work and access to social services.
Refugees In History
What is the main idea of this section? The main idea should be a complete sentence.
The main idea here talks about the type of refugees and different stories about refuges and how they were like.
The main idea of this section is that refugees went though a lot.
The main idea of the section is that refuges were kicked out of there homes
I main idea of the section is about how there are these different type refugees and they are forced to leave their home.
The main idea of this section is explaining what is a refugee or refugees and why they need to leave their homes for safety,technically a better life.
The main idea can be like people that had problems in their house there here trying to leave the house.
the main idea of this text was stating that there is tons of examples of refugees fleeing from home
The Main Idea of this section is that refugees went through alot.
What are two pieces of textual evidence (COPY and PASTE DIRECTLY FROM THE TEXT) to support the main idea.
Why did you choose those 2 pieces?
I chose this piece of evidence because it talks about how people’s houses were destroyed that were coming out of prison or had been expelled from their home countries. “Jews who had survived Nazi concentration camps throughout Europe often returned home to find that their property and businesses had been taken down by other people.” I chose this other piece of evidence because it proves how peoples houses were being destroyed or other people owned the house.
I choose this first piece of evidence because as we could see that they had to move to other countries which those where some of the stuff the refugees were facing .
‘’Often, returning Jews were even met with violence. In some countries, such as Poland and Slovakia, pogroms — organized massacres — forced those who survived to flee for their lives’‘.
I chose this piece of evidence because this is showing what the refugees had to go though after the war.’‘The journey was brutal and often deadly. Traveling in flimsy, overcrowded boats, many people were lost at sea, attacked by pirates or devastated by illness and dehydration’‘. The reason I am using this piece of evidence because this shows how refugees trying to get away most of them would pass trying to protect themselves of their family’s.
I chose that piece of evidence because it shows how the war affected many refugees many of them lost their homes and didn’t have a place to go to and were left with nothing
“in 1685, France outlawed the Protestant religion, forcing hundreds of thousands of Protestants to flee the country.” I chose this piece of evidence because it shows of their own government kicked them out
and ¨The end of the war didn’t end the suffering of millions of people whose homes were destroyed, who were released from prison camps or who had been expelled from their home countries¨
I chose the first piece because that´s telling you that they moved and where to. And the second piece because its also telling you that their homes were being destroyed.
History is filled with stories of people forced to leave their homes. For example, in 1685, France outlawed the Protestant religion, forcing hundreds of thousands of Protestants to flee the country. Most of these refugees, known as Huguenots, moved to other European countries, such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany. Some traveled as far as South Africa and British colonies in North America. Intolerance of this kind is repeated throughout history, forcing many from their homes due to their religious views.
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I choose this piece of evidence because it talks about how the history of refugees is filled with stories of how people have been forced to leave their homes and hoe far they have traveled to survive.
“The end of the war didn’t end the suffering of millions of people whose homes were destroyed, who were released from prison camps or who had been expelled from their home countries.”
I choose this piece of evidence because it shows us the hard times these people had to go through.The wars they were going through really did effect which is a big part of the main idea of this story.
“For example, resentment of Germany after the war was so strong that many countries drove out ethnic Germans, even if those people had spent their entire lives in their adopted country. About 11.5 million Germans living in Eastern Europe were expelled or voluntarily left their homes after the war.” “During the Cold War, thousands of refugees fled Soviet territory to seek asylum elsewhere, primarily in Western Europe and the U.S.”
“History is filled with stories of people forced to leave their homes. For example, in 1685, France outlawed the Protestant religion, forcing hundreds of thousands of Protestants to flee the country.”
The reason why I chose those 2 pieces is that it gives an example of what the main idea is talking about. Also Is telling us why they were being forced out of their homes.
I chose this piece of evidence because the first sentence says that people were forced to leave their homes.And many of their homes were destroyed.
1.Refugees posed a global crisis after World War II. The end of the war didn’t end the suffering of millions of people whose homes were destroyed, who were released from prison camps or who had been expelled from their home countries. For example, resentment of Germany after the war was so strong that many countries drove out ethnic Germans, even if those people had spent their entire lives in their adopted country. About 11.5 million Germans living in Eastern Europe were expelled or voluntarily left their homes after the war.
2.After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States engaged in a conflict called the Cold War. The Cold War was a conflict between the communist political system of the Soviet Union and the democratic political system of the U.S. The Cold War involved dozens of countries in the sphere of influence of each of the world’s two “superpowers.” It ended in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. During the Cold War, thousands of refugees fled Soviet territory to seek asylum elsewhere, primarily in Western Europe and the U.S.
The end of the war didn’t end the suffering of millions of people whose homes were destroyed, who were released from prison camps or who had been expelled from their home countries."
The i chose this piece of evidence because the war had affected many refugees and lost their homes.
The main idea of the section was that many people were forced to move and leave their homes.
History is filled with stories of people forced to leave their homes. For example, in 1685, France outlawed the Protestant religion, forcing hundreds of thousands of Protestants to flee the country. Most of these refugees, known as Huguenots, moved to other European countries, such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany. Some traveled as far as South Africa and British colonies in North America. Intolerance of this kind is repeated throughout history, forcing many from their homes due to their religious views.
Refugees posed a global crisis after World War II. The end of the war didn't end the suffering of millions of people whose homes were destroyed, who were released from prison camps or who had been expelled from their home countries. For example, resentment of Germany after the war was so strong that many countries drove out ethnic Germans, even if those people had spent their entire lives in their adopted country. About 11.5 million Germans living in Eastern Europe were expelled or voluntarily left their homes after the war.
Jews who had survived Nazi concentration camps throughout Europe often returned home to find that their property and businesses had been taken over by other people. Most of these Jews could no longer survive in their hometowns. They had no home, few possessions and little hope of finding work. Even though the war was over, anti-Semitism was still a strong force in Europe. Many communities and groups worked to drive Jews from their homes and places of business. Often, returning Jews were even met with violence. In some countries, such as Poland and Slovakia, pogroms — organized massacres — forced those who survived to flee for their lives.
After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States engaged in a conflict called the Cold War. The Cold War was a conflict between the communist political system of the Soviet Union and the democratic political system of the U.S. The Cold War involved dozens of countries in the sphere of influence of each of the world's two "superpowers." It ended in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. During the Cold War, thousands of refugees fled Soviet territory to seek asylum elsewhere, primarily in Western Europe and the U.S.
The Cold War involved so-called "proxy wars." Proxy wars are conflicts where countries oppose each other by supporting different sides in another conflict. Conflicts in Lebanon, Korea, Afghanistan and Angola were proxy wars of the Cold War. During the conflict in Korea, the South was supported by the U.S. and the North by China and the Soviet Union. After the Korean War, thousands of North Korean refugees streamed into South Korea.
Proxy wars in Southeast Asia during the 1970s led to large numbers of refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. More than 2 million Southeast Asians fled their homes during this time, many of them on boats, which earned them the nickname "boat people." The journey was brutal and often deadly. Traveling in flimsy, overcrowded boats, many people were lost at sea, attacked by pirates or devastated by illness and dehydration.
Over half of all refugees live in urban areas. Refugees tend to settle in urban areas for a number of reasons. The legal facilities available to asylum-seekers — including lawyers, consulates and diplomats — are often clustered in cities. Nongovernmental organizations, such as religious groups, can respond to refugees more quickly in urban areas. Most importantly, however, is the community of other immigrants in cities.
Over half of all refugees live in urban areas. Refugees tend to settle in urban areas for a number of reasons. The legal facilities available to asylum-seekers — including lawyers, consulates and diplomats — are often clustered in cities. Nongovernmental organizations, such as religious groups, can respond to refugees more quickly in urban areas. Most importantly, however, is the community of other immigrants in cities.
Refugees Today
In 2017, the number of refugees rose to 19.9 million and 3.1 million asylum-seekers around the world, under the UNHCR mandate. Another 5.4 million Palestinian refugees receive assistance from United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).
Refugees from Afghanistan, South Sudan and the Syrian Arab Republic account for the most refugees worldwide. Wars and oppression in each of these regions force refugees to flee their homes. About 2.6 million people from Afghanistan have relocated to 69 different asylum countries, and half of those have been forced to flee more than once. Civil war, drought and flooding have displaced about 2.4 million people from South Sudan, mostly to neighboring asylum countries. Over 6.3 million refugees have left Syria, the source of the most refugees worldwide.
Why do so many refugees come from the places like Afghanistan, South Sudan, and the Syrian Arab Republic? What do you think other countries could do to help these situations?
I think other countries should give refugees a house or just give them jobs so they can earn their money.
Based on the text the reason why people are coming from places like Afghanistan is because we know that there is a war still happening now and there is to much conflict between iraq and united states. then there is a war that ruin people’s homes and causes mass destruction.So in order to be safe people have to flee from their country and be refugees.
What should be done is getting the refugees a temporary home to live in and getting them the basic need such as food,water,jobs to work in temporary like community helping.
I think other countries should help them find jobs and homes so they could get the money they need to buy their needs .
According to the text the main reasons why there is still refugees coming from Afghanistan is because of civil war between the u.s and Iraq. The other thing for this is that most of the city’s in Afghanistan have been ruined due to war which leave most people with no home or food. What other countries should do is help is by giving them food, water, a house, and a some money to help.
I think other places should give them, a house or give them a place to stay were they can work and earn money so that when they are stable enough they can get a better life.
The reason many refugees come from a place like Afghanistan, South Sudan and Syrian Arab Republic because since they were forced to leave they weren’t given much of a choice and they needed to earn money so they reached out for help.
The key reasons that there are still refugees from Afghanistan, according to the document, are because of the civil war between the U.S. and Iraq. The other thing for this is that due to war that left most people without home or food, most of the city’s in Afghanistan were destroyed. Help is what other nations should do by giving them food, water, a home, and some money to help them.
I think that other countries should help by having more refugees.
a majority of refugees come from places like Afghanistan,south Sudan,Syria,and the Arab Republic is because of how oppresive these countries are towards their citizens and the constant wars endangering many people
reasons why so many people come from places like Afghanistan and what should be done to help them?
What should be done is other countries should give them a chance to live there for the time being.
The reason why refugees come form places like afghanistan, south sudan,syrian arab republic,is because of war and oppression and regions force refugees to flee their homes.
About 85 percent of the world's refugees are from developing countries. Most refugees from developing countries seek asylum in other developing countries. Refugees from the conflict in Afghanistan, for instance, often immigrate to Pakistan, Iran or Europe. Turkey hosts the largest number of refugees worldwide — about 3.5 million.
Over half of all refugees live in urban areas. Refugees tend to settle in urban areas for a number of reasons. The legal facilities available to asylum-seekers — including lawyers, consulates and diplomats — are often clustered in cities. Nongovernmental organizations, such as religious groups, can respond to refugees more quickly in urban areas. Most importantly, however, is the community of other immigrants in cities.
About one-third of the world's refugees live in refugee camps. Refugee camps are temporary communities built to provide shelter and resources to refugees. UNHCR works with the asylum country to provide tents or other temporary shelters, emergency medical facilities, communications equipment and security.
Most refugees remain near their home regions, moving to neighboring countries. For example, refugees from Afghanistan are likely to move to Pakistan. Refugees fleeing conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan settled in Chad. The UNHCR estimates that over 80 percent of refugees live in a country that borders the one they fled.
Internally Displaced Persons
Based on the two highlighted supporting details, what is the main idea of this section? Explain.
*Remember a main idea should be one sentence!
According to this highlighted paragraph the people of Sudan had to leave their country and go into prison like camps that left refugees exposed to may dangers.
such as disease and violence.
For a couple of years,the civil war between north and south Sudan made millions of people from their houses.
By time passes by the North and the South Sudan made people their homes .
Since 1983 millions of people have lost their home.
The civil war with the north and south sudan is what caused many people to loose their home.
The main idea of the section is how the civil war effected the refuges which ended in most losing their homes.
According to the text, millions of people were forced to move from their homes and were displaced throughout the ccountry.
the main idea of these underlines are the fact that there are so many places in the middle east that endanger so many people
The main idea of this section is
For a couple of years,the civil war between north and south Sudan made millions of people from their houses.
The main idea of this section is that because of the war between north and south sudan destroy many homes and they are starting to get help to make new homes.
Not everyone who has to leave home ends up leaving their country. Refugees who move within their national borders are called "internally displaced persons," or IDPs. Today, about 40 million people around the world are internally displaced by conflict or violence. That is the highest number recorded since 1994. International refugee laws do not provide protection and support for IDPs, rather, IDPs have to rely on their own government for protection.
Sudan, in eastern Africa, has one of the largest internally displaced populations in the world. From 1983 through 2005, civil war between north and south Sudan forced millions of people from their homes. By the end of 2017, around 4.4 million people were displaced throughout the country, particularly in Darfur.
According to nongovernmental organizations such as Doctors Without Borders, most IDPs in Darfur live in "prisonlike" camps, crammed inside makeshift shelters and constantly at risk of violence. Overcrowding causes illness to spread quickly, and malnutrition can occur when food deliveries are reduced or delayed.
Other countries with large numbers of IDPs are Colombia, Iraq, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia and Pakistan. Refugees from Colombia flee internal conflict associated with the illegal drug trade. Iraq is the site of a major international conflict. Political conflict between rebels and the government have driven Congolese and Somalis from their homes. Pakistan, asylum to thousands of refugees from other countries as well as IDPs, is tied to the international conflict in neighboring Afghanistan. The government of Pakistan must also deal with militias and rebel groups.
Environmental Refugees
Environmental refugees are people who must leave their homes because of environmental disruption. Natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes and floods often force people to flee. The eruption of Mount
Vesuvius, Italy, in A.D. 79 forced surviving residents of the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum to become refugees. Toxic volcanic ash and pumice stone buried the towns entirely. Residents of the towns had to find shelter and work elsewhere in the Roman Empire. In January 2010, a magnitude-7.0 earthquake devastated the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince. Many of the city's residents became IDPs and fled to other parts of the country. Still more sought asylum as refugees in the neighboring Dominican Republic.
Environmental disruption can also be man-made, such as a nuclear accident or pollution. The World Bank estimates that 100 million people were displaced by dam-building projects in the 1990s. This generally happens when the reservoir of water held behind the dam floods towns and villages where people once lived. In addition, people who live downstream from dams may be unable to support themselves through fishing or farming once the water dries up. Construction of the massive Three Gorges Dam in China, for example, flooded dozens of towns and displaced 1.3 million people. In 1986, a nuclear reactor exploded in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, then a part of the Soviet Union. The disaster released a lethal amount of radiation. More than 350,000 people were permanently evacuated from the area and had to resettle elsewhere.
The effects of climate change can also lead to environmental refugees. During the last ice age, for example, people living near glaciers were forced to migrate to warmer climates as the glaciers and ice sheets spread across the land.
Today, human activity contributes to the current instance of climate change, called global warming. Activities, such as burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests, add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, trapping the sun's heat. The rising temperature causes glaciers and ice caps to melt, making sea levels rise. It also leads to droughts, floods and desertification — the transformation of arable land to desert.
Environmental refugees impacted by climate change are often called climate refugees. Climate refugees may be forced to seek asylum because of changes in their ecosystem, such as major portions of Maldives being underwater. Climate refugees may also seek asylum as their economic livelihood vanishes, as farmers bordering the Gobi Desert in China lose their land to desertification.
Even though environmental refugees are not protected by international law, they often receive a great deal of help. Sudden, major disasters are reported in newspapers and on TV around the world. In 2011 for instance, when a devastating earthquake and resulting tsunami occurred in northeastern Japan, countries from around the world offered aid to assist in the relief efforts.
Other environmental refugees can be difficult to identify. The gradual changes that happen due to global warming are harder to see. People don't often rally to help the victims of these changes. But they can be as devastating as an earthquake or storm. Morocco, Tunisia and Libya each lose more than 1,000 square kilometers (386 square miles) of productive land per year to desertification. The farmers, merchants and families who depend on these lands are losing their ability to survive and support themselves.
The International Red Cross estimates that there are more environmental refugees today than refugees from wars. The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees stated that 36 million people were displaced by natural disasters in 2009, and about 20 million of those were forced to move for climate change-related issues. Between 15 million and 42 million people have been displaced by natural disasters each year since 2008.
Like IDPs, environmental refugees are not protected under international refugee laws. In fact, most of them are IDPs as well. They are not entitled to the same protection and assistance as other refugees.
Many international organizations recognize that environmental disruption is a growing problem, one that we need to address. The problem may also increase the numbers of traditional refugees. The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees has noted, "Climate change can enhance the competition for resources — water, food, grazing lands — and that competition can trigger conflict."
Fast Facts:
Places Of Refuge
Nations with the most refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons in their borders, according to the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (2017):
● Colombia: 7,747,365
● Syrian Arab Republic: 7,033,119
● Democratic Republic of the Congo: 5,144,932
● Iraq: 4,501,786
● Turkey: 3,789,320
Refugees
Countries of origin of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons, according to the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (2017):
● Syrian Arabic Republic: 13,288,372
● Colombia: 7,901,909
● Democratic Republic of the Congo: 5,374,765
● Afghanistan: 5,336,582
● Iraq: 4,809,858
City Of Refuge
Puuhonua o Hnaunau, a national park on the Big Island of Hawaii, marks an ancient City of Refuge. The site, on the island's western coast, was a place where people who fled the law could seek asylum and refuge. Asylum-seekers could be absolved by a priest and freed to leave.
Puuhonua o Hnaunau accepted refugees from the 15th through the 19th centuries.
Peace Out
Many U.S. citizens who opposed the Vietnam War and wished to avoid being drafted into fighting sought political asylum in Canada. After the war, President Jimmy Carter issued a pardon to these conscientious objectors, allowing them to return to the U.S. without punishment.
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