Hawks gave Faulkner a crash course in how to write screenplays. He didn't want Faulkner to worry about breaking up the master scenes into shots, but he did insist that the story be told without flashbacks. "The first thing I want is story," he said; "the next thing I want is character. Then I jump to anything I think is interesting." Faulkner told him that he liked the way Hawks made films.—Bruce Kawin
Today We Live was based on William Faulkner's own short story Turn About, which had appeared in the Saturday Evening Post on March 5, 1932. Director Howard Hawks soon bought an option to film the story on the advice of his brother William, who was also a film producer. Joseph McBride wrote in his book Hawks on Hawks "Hawks and Faulkner met in July of that year after Faulkner's first MGM contract had expired. In a short five days Faulkner wrote a full-length screenplay that has not survived; Hawks told me that the first draft of Turn About [the original working title of the film] was very much like the original story except for a change Hawks has suggested: that Claude [Robert Young] be blinded by an exploding shell during the torpedo run with Ronnie [Franchot Tone] and Bogard [Gary Cooper]. [Irving] Thalberg [production head at MGM] enthusiastically endorsed this script for production, and Marx put Faulkner back on salary as of 25 July. Within a week, Thalberg told Hawks that Joan Crawford would have to be in the picture." At the time the studio needed to fulfill a $500,000 contractual obligation with Crawford so Faulkner added the character of Ann who loves one man while promising to marry another. Crawford balked at the idea of being in an all-male film, and insisted that Faulkner re-write her dialogue to match the clipped speech of the men.
The American Film Institute Catalog notes that "A November 1932 Hollywood Reporter news item announced that Phillips Holmes was to co-star with Joan Crawford. Charles "Buddy" Rogers was then announced as a possible co-star in early December 1932. According to a mid-December Hollywood Reporter news item, MGM did not begin negotiating for Gary Cooper [with his home studio, Paramount] until two weeks after production was scheduled to start. These news items conflict with some modern sources, which state that Cooper, Robert Young and Franchot Tone had been selected by Hawks before Crawford was approached with the script. According to IP, photographer Elmer Dyer spent several weeks filming the aerial sequences for the film at March Field in California. Modern sources note that General Douglas MacArthur reserved the field for the studio's use."
As Bruce F. Kawin wrote in his book Faulkner's MGM Screenplays "When a 135-minute version was previewed in Pasadena [California, a suburb of Los Angeles] on 16 March, Variety found Today We Live engrossing, predicted great box-office success, and objected to the monosyllabic dialogue. When the final 110-minute version was shown in New York on 14 April, however, Variety panned it: the film was 20 minutes too long. Crawford was unconvincing, Hawks used too much aerial footage from Hell's Angels (1930), the "Gowns by Adrian" were extreme and annoying, and the story was superficial...MGM's publicity department issued a press kit that played up the romantic interest between "Glorious Joan!" and "Ardent Gary!" "Can any woman be faithful," they asked, "in the heart of one man and in the arms of another?"
In real life, Joan Crawford, who didn't want to make the film in the first place, ended up in the arms of the man who played her brother, Franchot Tone. The two met for the first time during production of Today We Live, and eventually married.—Lorraine LoBianco
Bearing the title of "Today We Live," there is now at the Capitol the first of William Faulkner's literary efforts to reach the screen. It is said to have been derived chiefly from a short story called "Turn About," which is understood to have been amplified in the studio by the author. Although it is more than slightly different from the general run of cinematic works, it is at times vague and cumbersome. It possesses, however, the spark of sincerity, and its lack of clarity might be ascribed either to Howard Hawks's direction or to the script contributed by Edith Fitzgerald and Dwight Taylor, for there are sequences that are far too lengthy and others that would be considerably improved by more detail.
As a drama of the war it is not precisely convincing, for coincidences play an important part in its arrangement. It is also anachronistic, particularly as regard the costumes worn by Joan Crawford. The narrative begins in London, but most of the action occurs in and around Boulogne. Diana Boyce-Smith, an English girl, played by Miss Crawford, is in love with Claude Hope, but after she encounters an American named Richard Bogard her affections sway to him. Subsequently she hears that Bogard has met death as an aviator and she continues her affair with Hope without benefit of clergy. Her brother, Ronnie, is always in her confidence, but he sympathizes with Hope, for he and Hope are both officers in the British Navy and on the same craft.
Judging by what happens during one prolonged episode, Bogard, who is another of those fliers who is thought dead but eventually is found alive, scoffs at sea warfare as it is carried on by Ronnie and Hope, and he gives the latter a taste of fighting in the clouds. They return safely and Ronnie in turn dares Bogard to come out in his motor launch, which is equipped with a single torpedo. Bogard thus learns that there is as much excitement on the water as in the air, and, in the course of the daring attack on enemy vessels, Hope is blinded by a missile.
The rivalry between the aviator and the naval officer persists to the end—when, after hearing that Bogard has volunteered to sacrifice his life to sink an enemy ship, Ronnie and the sightless Claude Hope speed out in their craft and succeed in accomplishing the desired task at the cost of their lives, before Bogard has a chance to swoop down from the air. So there are three heroes in this story.
The romance between Bogard and Diana is set forth so abruptly that it is apt to seem absurd. The constant meeting of the four characters in France scarcely adds to the credibility of the story, and the activities supposed to be in the North Sea give the impression that German vessels were either hovering around or anchored somewhere in the vicinity of Boulogne. The producers could not possibly mean that the attacks were on Zeebrugge, for there is nothing that bears a semblance of the famous mole.
Miss Crawford, although she never impresses one as being English, gives a steadfast and earnest portrayal. Robert Young is excellent as Hope, and Franchot Tone does well as Ronnie. Gary Cooper is quite believable as Bogard.—Mordaunt Hall
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After all, it is the job of director to break and restructure the plots of story into limited hours or less by using different approaches. He just wanted the story so that he can make his own arrangements to the film’s shots based on it.
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I believe so too that Hawks just wanted Faulkner to ease into this film making process. He probably didn’t have absolute faith in Faulkner but he did believe in his skills and talent. It also seemed that Hawks believed that one of the most important things that went into the film making process was mainly the story and its character development. So creating flashbacks were more of an artistic or an accessory kind of approach.
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I agree with, Shreya. I would believe that Hawks wanted Faulkner to do well with the screen writing but Faulker didnt have much experience in that. Therefore Hawks helped Faulkner with that by telling him to try it out without flashback to keep his mind flowing. In addition the film has deadline to meet.
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Hawks wanted there will be no flashbacks, and Faulkner wrote the screenplay in five days outstandingly without any flashbacks. Maybe Hawks did not want to put any separate shots of memory from past in the continuous motion of the story, maybe it could be for minimizing time of shooting, or for tighten budget and so forth. However, he continued the flow of the story and character development as well without any flashbacks.
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I agree with Md. Waliour Rahman Saikat that not having flashbacks helped with the continuous motion of the film and probably minimized time of shooting. I would like to add that I think it helped with the ease of understanding the film. There are a lot of confusing moments in the film that almost need to be watched twice to understand. Adding flashbacks would make the story even harder to follow.
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A flashback generally does not move the action of the plot forward, instead moving backward to explain or uncover something that has already been established. So, Hawks would not want Faulkner to get caught up in a tangled form of narration if he is looking for a smooth and clear-cut story.
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Well based on this it seems as though Hawks wished for Faulkner to focus primarily on the film making process.As mentioned Hawks wanted the story first and the character afterwards. Finally that is when him and Faulkner would focus on adding interesting elements to the film itself. This is understandable in the sense that it would of allowed Faulkner the opportunity to dive and focus into the basics of screenplay writing. Once obtaining good exposure, they could focus on the screenplay . Especially different elements including: structure,length,budget,etc.
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Faulkner did not have enough experience to implement flashbacks into the movie. Badly implemented flashbacks can cause confusion to the audience and could be badly received. Hawks probably believed it was the safest approach to filming Today We Live.
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Flashbacks were fairly new at the time and maybe the audiences would find it hard to understand where the writers were going with it.
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I have to disagree. I believe that Faulkner had the talent to implement flashbacks. He’s an excellent writer. I think it had to do more with Hawks and his vision for the film.
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Since Hawks did not want Faulkner to concentrate on Flashbacks, but Faulkner was told to keep the flow of the story. I don’t think Faulkner had not enough experience to implement flashbacks. Flashbacks make the story back and forth and it sometimes destroy the coherent of plot and sequences. so that’s why I think, Hawks and Faulkner just ignored flashbacks.
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In film flashbacks are used to reveal information about the plot or the characters that can’t be revealed any other way. Sometimes the use of flashbacks are unnecessary and can misconstrue the idea of a character. It can give the audience too much knowledge and can make us look at the plot differently.
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I don’t think the film needed a flashback necessary but I did feel we needed more of a plot at the beginning of the film. Especially with Bogart, all you know at the beginning is that he is going to buy the estate. Then all of a sudden they are in love. I feel Hawks they could have filled in the story a bit more here.
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I feel the flashbacks depend on how big the story and novel are, In a film, the director or screenwriter try to cover the whole story or novel in a short film. Sometimes we might need flashbacks, sometimes we don’t need it. In the film “Today we Live” We don’t know and the movie did not show that how Bogard fell in love with Crawford, maybe we could see a couple minutes of flashback of how they falling in love each other, when Crawford describe Bogard to her brother Ronnie. So I feel sometimes we need sometimes to understand the movie.
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For this story I think the flashbacks were necessary. The story only made sense being told in a linear fashion focusing on the story line first the characters second just as Hawks wanted. The whole structure of the movie and maybe even the flow of it would have changed if it was in flashback form.
Diana/Joan Crawford would also have played a smaller part if the story was in flashback form. Bogard would have been the character the audience would have followed instead of Diana.
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I wouldn’t say flashbacks were nescessary, quite the opposite. The story was implemented straight forward, in a sense that no further information were needed to be shown from flashbacks.
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I think its interesting that Hawks said no to flashbacks. Sanctuary was almost filmed in flashback form. Did Faulker have anything to do with the production of that film? or Hawks?
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As we are informed from the above passage, no flashbacks seems to be the will of Hawks. I believe a reason for that is the inexperience if Faulkner as a screenwriter
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The original story simply didn’t call for flashbacks. All of the exposition for characters was done through dialogue and action.
Same goes for the film adaptation; there was no need to bring exposition through a flashback. Bogard didn’t know Diana before he showed up trying to buy the house, so the flashback would have had to be about their personal lives. That’s lame, especially since we get to know the most essential details of their lives in the first 20 minutes. If Hawks didn’t insist on it, Faulker might have had the idea to write a flashback, but then he would have had to change around the story in order to squeeze it in. This would have either impeded on the story, or would have predisposed Hawks to having another element to include. In his situation then he would have probably skipped over the flashback if it was written, because he would first, as director, need to have a total understanding and vision from the basics of the story. If at that point Hawks envisioned a flashback happening, then he would have included it. He’s no amateur.
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Maybe the direction Hawks wanted to take the film was a concise, fast paced story telling. Adding flashback could have disrupted the flow and slowed down the story. There were also time constraints for the film, and overusing flashbacks would have made the film longer.
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I agree with you Thonny. Without getting into specifics, the simple matter of fact is that having Faulkner write in flashbacks would result in Hawks having to do more preparation in addition to the preparation for getting all of the important dramatic elements of the story right. Either way, the flashback was unnecessary in this particular story because it could only be used as exposition of information (about characters), and all the important information was already given in the beginning of the film.
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Simplicity in writing the story was probably the most important aspect of the story telling. I agree with you that this could cause confusion. Also the fact that the “stars” should be the main subject of these film and a complicated script with flashbacks could take away from the overall focus on the star and their ability to drive the film to success.
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I agree with what you’re saying. Sometimes flashbacks can misinterpret the story. Flashbacks are supposed to give the audience information that we couldn’t see anywhere else but that could also change the way we view the characters and maybe that’s why hawk wanted no flashbacks.
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You’re right flashbacks are supposed to give information that would not else be introduced logically in present time. At the same time, during this period of filmmaking, the amount of importance put on characters is less than the drama of the plot and conflicts. By having stars be the characters, the development of characters was allowed to be more lenient, because regardless people would be interested in the character (because they’re played by stars everyone knew and loved).
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The way i see it makes me think about bait and switch, because the deal to produce the film was good and i do not want to say that Crawford was not supposed to be there but once everything was technically set up the producer suddenly decided to make this change. He knew his position as producer very well and knew that they could not refused adding Crawford to the film.
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What is seen as a tremendous plot revision from an artistic standpoint is regarded as a simple financial solution for the studio, and this is so crucial to consider when analyzing any Hollywood film, that not all decisions are made for the sake of the story.
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The original short story was more of a hyper-masculine story about American and British soldiers during the war. Although most of those elements were still present in the movie, there is still a stark contrast when compared to the short story.
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I agree that this is the definition of Hollywood filmmaking. The excellent story was not enough for the writers. They did not want to risk losing money on just the plot alone. It wasn’t worth it for them. So in order for the film to make money they had to make it as big and Hollywood as possible.
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I believe that Hollywood knew a film about just war wouldn’t spark the interest of as film goers as much as film about war, love, and affair. War movies I feel would a mainly attract the interest of men. Added a love story and star actress Joan Crawford definitely would help make the film more appealing to women. I personally like the story in the movie over the short story.
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The war movie definitely will be big budget movie, people like such a movie where war and love present. People more likely would be curious to watch how the war and love blend together. So I think, the story must be the best to attract spectators in the theater.
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Given that America had just come back from the First World War, war movies were all the rave and all the more relevant to the spectrum of members in the audience. Movies are an escape to fantasy and dreams. This is one of the reasons why war movies were popular during this time; this also one of the reasons why you need to have a beautiful love interest to captivate and romanticize the situation of reality, which needed a moral and emotional boost.
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I believe that Hollywood film much have three things in it, which is action, entertainment and romance. Without these category people might not be as interested.
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Hey Polina, i think Hawks was more passionate about the artistic side more than the financial. I Believe his intentions of not allowing Faulkner flashbacks was because they never worked together before, maybe he was cautious because of his lack of experience
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i agree but i also think that seeing a story is different from reading a story. What might be entertaining on paper might not be so entertaining on film. with that being said, i am not sure if the changes made to this film are justified
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However, the subject and theme changed so much due to the join of the female character acted by Joan Crawford that the original style of dialogue and speech dominated by male could not match the needs of the new story.
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Crawford’s hesitation of being part of an all-male film production was mitigated through her request of insisting Faulkner to write her script in accordance to the clipped speech of her male co-stars. She was possibly also initially concerned with being part of this production since at that time she was considered to be one of the biggest stars in Hollywood. So maybe she wanted to match that persona and title with the projects she did as well. Her role in the film was central to the development and matched with her status as being a huge American star.
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Since the scripts of the Crawford’s character was a situation of choice that Crawford has to fall in love with Gary Cooper and also she wanted to keep her promise to Robert Young. So, the Crawford’s character was in dilemma. I assume that it could be one reason as well as it also could be less female actress against more men in the story or Film.
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If her dialogue did not match that of the men, then her presence in the film would feel that much more stark. Matching her dialogue would bridge the gap between her and her male costars, perhaps allowing her character to be more than just the love interest, making her a more organic part of the story.
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I agree with the overall idea of her wanting to get on a more equal level as Gary Cooper and Robert Young in terms of the dialogue. Them adding her as a lead into a short story that did not have her speaks volumes, but she still has to play a character who is in a love triangle. Having the clipt dialogue like the men was important for her to have the same respect and not just play a very specific female role, or fall victim to type casting.
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Not wanting to do this movie at all, and then on top of it her character basically didnt exist in the story that the movie was based on. Crawford wanted to fit in and have her dialogues similar to those of her male costars. Also she wanted to show that being the only woman among those men she is quite like them.
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Joan needed her dialogue to match the other characters which were majority male in order for the audience to still view her presence with dimension and realism.
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I feel that it was more than just fitting in. She wanted to not have to struggle to fit in, she wanted to from the start to be treated as an equal amongst her co-stars before even putting in the effort to portraying her character as one that is in the same league and of the same capability as her male counterparts. By changing the dialogue, you change the dimensions of the character. She wanted the face-value dimensions of her character (dialogue, quirks) equal in respect to those that her co-stars had.
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I believe Crawford was concerned about the dialogue because her character was not part of the original story. Despite that she had to play almost a central role as a British woman in the movie. In order to blend in the the dialogue of other actors, she insisted on having her dialogue to match the clipped speech of the other male actors.
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Especially because her character was not part of the original story, and because the studio wanted a woman in the movie because it would increase the amount of people going to watch the movie, Crawford’s initial character was one that was assembled with a remissive attitude.
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Crawford was concerned about the dialogue because she was the leading lady in this film and the actors at the time were using clipped dialogue and she did not want them to out shine her.
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i agree, without a clipped dialogue i think Gary Cooper would have been the lead actor in the film.
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Why is Crawford considered the only actress in the film? I feel that Applegate played a great role in the film but seems to be looked over. Why was this? Was she not originally cast? Was this another request from Crawford? Just confused a little on this.
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I think Joan was concerned because her character was not originally supposed to be in the play and she might not have wanted her character to seem less out of place, therefore asking Faulkner to adjust her dialogue.
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Well looking back her character was originally not part of the story let alone having a major presence. Due to the fact that her character was the only female in a full male cast there was some initial concern. Attention drawn through her presence on screen would be maintained by matching her dialogue with the clipped speech used by the male actors. Allowing her to blend in and not have any male actors out shine her through the duration of the film.
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Crawford’s thoughts may have been that her character didn’t have as much importance as the men roles without a clipped dialogue.
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Crawford probably didn’t want to play a stereotypical female character. Instead of being portrayed as a typical emotional and helpless female she wanted to be taken more seriously. By using clipped speech, her dialogue is on equal playing field with the men.
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Wait, they “objected the monosyllabic dialogue”? Why? The film was supposed to be set in England so why would they object something that makes the characters actually speak as if they are actually from England?
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Joan Crawford said “Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell”. The quote is very true that we people never know when we fall in love with who. In the movie, she has to fall in love with Gary Cooper but had got married Robert Young, and in real life Crawford has fallen love with Franchot Tone who played role as her brother in the movie “Today We Live”. Love is fire, We never know when it is going to warm someone’s mind.
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Joan Crawford at first resisted being cast in the all-male picture but then she finally accepted her role. By working with other successful actors, there are chances of actually falling in love on set due to their ways of working hard. Crazy how her character’s brother is the actor who she ended up with for real life.
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When I first began to watch the movie I could not figure out if Ronnie was her brother or her other lover. The way she acted towards both men seemed to be love rather than platonic love and romantic love.
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Yes I was confused on this as well. The love between them seemed very strange. For example when Claude asked for Ann to marry him she was also holding Ronnie’s hand. That came across very odd to me but maybe that was more normal back then.
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Well, the first difference between the novel Turnabout and the movie Today We Live is their actual titles. I can be sure that many people thought both were two different stories and not similar whats so ever. When it comes to a high productive film, many people are involved to make it the best that they can. While a short novel is created by the author, who developed the idea all on their own.
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The biggest difference is probably the addition of Joan Crawford. I think the addition of Crawford greatly changed the atmosphere and feel of the original short story.
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Of course the addition of Joan Crawford changed the film. She was a huge Hollywood star. As far as the atmosphere around the film set goes I’m unsure on how she affected it. She’s a talented actress so I’m sure that helped with the professionalism but her not really wanting to do the film probably bought bad vibes to the set.
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I mean, what can you expect? This was Faulkner’s first film adaptation of his own original story. That’s why it was different from the “general run of cinematic works”, and also why at times it may have seemed that some scenes were too lengthy. The genius of Faulkner is evident in literature, where themes and characters can be developed with minute attention to detail, but in film that same minute attention to detail has to be transposed in order to fit the rules of theater, which is not easy without changing the original drama, themes, and nature of characters and the way they are developed.
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“Turn About” begins and almost immediately sets up the bedrock of the film: the love conflict between Diana, Bogard, and Hope. This is the conflict that drives the story. However, having this conflict alone would result in a flat story. Because the love triangle conflict is set up so early, there is room in the film to explore the character’s inner conflicts. This is done with Bogard dying a quarter ways into the film. Once he is out of the picture, the spotlight is on the emotions and thoughts of Diana and, to a lesser extent, Hope. At this time we are also introduced to Ronnie who helps add another dimension to the conflict. Then suddenly Bogard comes back from the dead and the love triangle conflict continues at face-value, but now with more transparency into the inner conflicts of the characters.
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Faulkner’s story writing as well as screenwriting is outstanding. In the movie “Today We Live” Faulkner has shown how to divert the love story. Although in the story Crawford has fallen love with Bogard but got married to Claude. Both of the characters been to war, one lost his eyesight and another were thought dead. In such a situation, character Claude started sacrificing his love, he couldn’t carry on properly because of his blind helplessness. Bogard came back alive and the love was rolling back to him slowly. It makes the story and the film more tension and exciting.
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In contrast to the somewhat forced addition of Crawford’s character, Hope’s blindness might even strengthen the point of the story. It really drives home the idea in Faulkner’s short story that the Americans had no idea the danger that the Englishmen were facing.
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I think I agree. The nonchalant way that Young and Tone acted around did not let Bogard really understand the true horrors of war until he went on the boat. Bogard and the other pilots viewed shooting down planes kind of as a game.
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Claude did not want to go to Torpedo boat, because he loved Diana very much. He was in doubt that if he dies or can’t come back to his lover again. Afterwards he was very excited while going to fly with Bogard, but ultimately he lost his eyesight which is enough to lose her.
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The more heroes the better. If you have a whole cast of people that do heroic things, but still manage to maintain dramatic tension and focus on the main characters, the you’ve accomplished something that is very much important to accomplish during a period of war in the country. By showing three Americans as heroes you play on the sentiments of the country. It’s a brilliant move by Hawks to do so, because then with this film he could advance his position as a director for future projects (many of which moved away from any war sentiments).
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I can’t believe I messed that up. Still though, wouldn’t having the British be heroes as well be a way to play on the sentiments of the country? The British and Americans are allies after all, both diplomatically and during time of war. And, Bogart is the star hero, he is the one to savor the applause at the end. The dynamic of everyone being heroes but our American is the star hero should certainly be a clever way to play on the sentiments of the audience.
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I have seen many times and also believe that people cannot forget the first love in life. The same situation happened in the movie, when Bogard and Crawford met each other in France, they hugged and kissed each other. Although Crawford had got married to Claude, she did not care at all being intimate with Bogard. First love is remarkable and unforgettable.
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the Bogard romance will always be a failed attempt.
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How advanced was film and film theory back then? Obviously not as advanced as when the French came along and the realists like Bergman came onto the scene. It is almost a given that the romances in movies during this time period would be introduced in some coincidental or kitch way because the people who watched the movies really didn’t really watch these movies with a critical eye. People who watch movies still don’t apply a critical eye, but that’s beside the point. The idea that a movie has the potential to represent pure truth was a concept not so much paid attention to during this time. This is also why any continuity errors in setting could be neglected.
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I am aware that film theory was already quite advanced at this moment in time. Looking at Dr.Caligari, The Passion of Joan of Arc, a Fritz Lang or Murnau film easily make this apparent. Also, this is the same moment in time that Eisenstein wrote about editing and film. I have also heard about the criticism against talkies, coming from both critics and renowned directors such as Chaplin. I guess it wasn’t film theory that I was considering but the scope and sensibilities under which the American directors were working during the 30s. And that scope consists mostly of romances, comedies, and children’s films.
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