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3 States of Matter

3 Most Common States of Matter

Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. Look below to see how the molecules move and are arranged differently in the three most common states of matter.

Gas Molecules Liquid Molecules Solid Molecules

Microscopic view of a gas Microscopic view of a liquid. Microscopic view of a solid.

  • Particles in a:
    • gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.
    • liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.
    • solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
  • Particles in a:
    • gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
    • liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
    • solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.

The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property.

Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior
gas liquid solid
assumes the shape and volume of its container
particles can move past one another 		assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies
 particles can move/slide past one another 		retains a fixed volume and shape
rigid - particles locked into place
compressible
lots of free space between particles 		not easily compressible
little free space between particles 		not easily compressible
little free space between particles
flows easily
particles can move past one another 		flows easily
particles can move/slide past one another 		does not flow easily
rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one another

DMU Timestamp: October 25, 2016 14:13





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