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EDU 807 Spring 2018 - Week 2 - Triple E Framework Group 3


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Triple E Framework

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About the Triple E Framework

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Created by Dr. Liz Kolb, University of Michigan

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http://www.tripleeframework.com/​

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What is the Triple E?

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The Triple E Framework attempts to define what it should look like, sound like and feel like to integrate technology tools into teaching in order to meet and exceed learning goals.

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The framework is based on three levels, Engagement in learning goals, Enhancementof learning goals, and Extension of learning goals.

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While these terms are often used interchangeably, they are distinct and different.

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The Triple E Framework defines each term and show examples of what makes each one unique and measurable.

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The Triple E Framework is based on a considerable amount of research about what works and does not work when it comes to technology in learning.

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In particular it emphasizes...

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Jan 19
Jeff Cooper Jeff Cooper (Jan 19 2018 8:02AM) : Principles [Edited] more

I thought this whole section from paragraph 12-22 rather than calling these areas of emphasis really is reiterating, or developing if you will a list of principles for the effective application of technology in learning. These principles are the basis of what they have come to value (the three E’s) and use as criteria to judge the effectiveness of the application of technology to teaching. It’s very interesting, they could have written this much like the Agile Manifesto and said we value Extension, Enhancement, and Engagement and the principles that underlie these values are para 12-22.

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Jan 22
Pamela Wegener Pamela Wegener (Jan 22 2018 10:44AM) : Agree more

I agree with you Jeff, these are good criteria to determine the effectiveness of applying technology to learning. This would be a good topic or checklist for a professional development session.

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  • Pragmatism: Active, social, creative, and authentic learning (Dewey, 1897)
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  • Focus on the learning goals (Linnenbrink &Pintrich, 2003)
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  • The importance of time-on-task active engagement (Wartella, 2015)
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  • The quality of technology use rather than quantity (Wenglinsky, 2006; Wenglinsky, 2008)
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  • Technology itself does not lead to positive effects in student learning but can be an ‘intellectual and social amplifier’ which can help make good schools better but also can increase problems at less successful schools when not implemented strategically. (Warschauer, 2006)
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  • The type of use--avoiding "drill and practice" which can have negative effects on learning outcomes and integrating more real world problem-solving and creating (Vaala et al., 2015)
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  • Helping students connect existing knowledge with new knowledge (Wartella, 2015)
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  • Co-use of technology devices and software (Darling-Hammond et al., 2014)
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  • Social aspect of learning through technology tools (Vaala et al., 2015; Guernsey, 2012)
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  • Value-added strategies such as promoting student self-reflection, self-assessment, and self-explanation (Means et al. 2009)
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Read more about the research and links here

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The Triple E Framework was developed in 2011 by Professor Liz Kolb at the University of Michigan, School of Education. The Triple E was created to fill a gap that has been pervasive in educational technologies---How to effectively integrate technology tools in K-12 learning so they have a positive impact on student achievement and learning outcomes.

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WHY Triple E? The research on technology and learning over the past decade is fairly clear, technology should be integrated based on what we already know about good teaching and pedagogical practices. Dating back to the late 19th century, the foundation of current teaching practices is based on the work of pragmatism. Pragmatists like John Dewey (1897) pushed for learning to be embedded in the student's authentic everyday lives, socially constructed knowledge, active/hands-on learning and full of choice. Since the early 1990s Research has found that educational technology with a "drill and practice" approach often has no effects on learning or cognition. Yet, most technology tools created for education are still drill and practice and in the lower-order of Blooms Taxonomy.

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Jan 19
Jeff Cooper Jeff Cooper (Jan 19 2018 8:06AM) : Authentic Learning more

This is an interesting paragraph and I find the concept of authentic learning combined with technolgy and problem based learning to be very interesting and IMHO possibly a great way to effectively incorporate technology. PBL may be advanced for K-12, I am not in that field but conceptually I think this is a good mix to gain the most with technology.

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Despite media often claiming a new piece of technology as a way to "revolutionize" learning, that is almost never the case. The Triple E framework takes this fallacy of technology as the magic bullet learning into account, and allows teachers to become critical consumers of making mindful choices around technology tools in their teaching. It is a simple framework, based on research, that helps educators create lessons that allow students to use technology to meet and add value to learning goals as active, social, creative learners, in authentic ways.

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How Triple E is Different than other Tech Integration Models
Some educators tend to be haphazard with technology tools, often trying new hardware or software because it's shiny or new, dismissing older technologies with an assumption that older=poor technology use. Today, few educators would argue that technology is a TOOL to help students reach learning goals. So how do educators measure a tools ability to help students reach learning goals? There are a number of frameworks that teachers use for integrating technology (SAMR, ADDIE, TIMS, TPACK), while all of them have benefits, none directly focus on how technology helps students achieve learning goals. Most frameworks focus on how technology substitutes for traditional tools or if the technology use is creative, but not if the tools were able to enhance or extend the learning goals. As the U.S. has become focused on standards (CCSS, NEXTGEN...etc) and standardizing learning, making sure that students are using their time to meet learning goals is even more vital when integrating technology. This is where the Triple E Framework can fill this void.

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Jan 16
Robert Norman Robert Norman (Jan 16 2018 1:40PM) : What does this framework for using technology in education assume about teachers and teaching? more

I actually like this assumption, that 21st century educators are less likely to assume that the technology is going to go into full AI mode and teach the class for us or perform miracles. This reminds me of the Clark vs. Kozma debate we returned to several times in EDU800: the question of whether technology actually impacts learning or not. This assumption seems to fall into the Clark camp, which is that media doesn’t actually influence learning directly.

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Jan 16
Dr. Troy Hicks Dr. Troy Hicks (Jan 16 2018 3:44PM) : Technology as a tool… more

Very curious to hear more of your thinking on this.

Did Clark argue that media didn’t influence learning directly, or that it didn’t influence learning at all?

I’ve got to get my hands on that article from Mike!

At any rate, I’m curious because I think that the way we talk about the hardware/device/tool – as well as the content/media – matters a great deal. Devices, offer my perspective, only offer us opportunities to engage in different types of media. Whether we are passive consumers, semi-active consumers, or producers makes a big difference in what happens for learning. Just curious to hear more of your thoughts on that.

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Jan 17
Robert Norman Robert Norman (Jan 17 2018 9:56AM) : media more

Here is a quote from the article we read:

My early articles (Clark, 1983, 1985a) claimed, in part, that media are “mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do not influence student achievement any more than the truck that delivers our groceries causes changes in our nutrition” (1983, p. 445)

Clark, R. E. (1983). Media will never influence learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(2), 21-29.

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Jan 19
Jeff Cooper Jeff Cooper (Jan 19 2018 8:30AM) : Following your and Docs thread here. more

I thought this paragraph to be important in this concept and one that I largely agree with. Technology is a “Tool”. I find myself remaining in the Clark camp. I find technology to be just medium or media to deliver content. Technology impacts learning when it is integrated into a learning environment through appropriate application of learning theories, instructional strategies and instructional design. So, if you applied a Constructivist approach (theory) with Authentic Learning Strategies and PBL Strategies into a course design for a Blended Learning, Civil Engineering: Road Construction class, the technology doesn’t teach it just facilitates the learning because integrated correctly groups can work on problems together, their are multiple methods for providing feedback etc. Technology greatly enhances the capability to deliver learning but doesn’t change learning (My next statement will be the most controversial largely because the wording will be imprecise) because, Learning is something that happens within an individual. The mechanism of delivery be it a lecture or a webinar is just a delivery mechanism.

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Triple E Level 1: Engaged Learning

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Engagement is a minimum standard of technology integration.

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Often by putting a piece of technology in front of the students or in their hands, they become interested or "engaged" in the activity.

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Jan 15
Pamela Wegener Pamela Wegener (Jan 15 2018 8:19PM) : Assumptions about students: Technophiles more

In Cuban’s article, the Technophiles scenario stated: “students will come to rely on the machines and one another to teach them and teachers will become coaches to help students with what needs to be learned” (paragraph #53). I think this framework assumes the Technophiles’ statement to be true, that all students will someday have technology in their hands.

This framework assumes that all students embrace technology which is not true. Some students do not have adequate access to technology beyond school and have not been exposed to its potential by their families or communities. Technology can be intimidating to these students because they may feel “behind” their peers in how to functionally use it.

I think this framework also generalizes technology and assumes that any form of it will spark interest or engagement with students. Personally, I know my son in high school is not thrilled at all with his Chromebook because of the computer he uses at home (which he built himself). His generation grew up with the most sophisticated technological devices and most schools (I assume) are not utilizing cutting edge software and technology tools.

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Jan 16
Dr. Troy Hicks Dr. Troy Hicks (Jan 16 2018 3:47PM) : Possible reasons for disengagement more

Thanks, Pamela, for making the point that not all students immediately embrace technology and become “engaged.” To that point, I think you’re actually building on Kolb’s idea here…

I think that her concern is that many teachers go to the “default mode” of saying that technology is “engaging” and that is one of their first reasons for using it. It shouldn’t be. Moreover, as you point out with your son, if the technology itself is insufficient, then that could cause students to become unengaged as well.

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However, we can look a little more deeply at engagement by considering if the technology is not just capturing the interest of the student, but if it is actually engaging them actively in the content (not just the bells and whistles of the software).

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Jan 16
Robert Norman Robert Norman (Jan 16 2018 1:43PM) : What does this framework for using technology in education assume about students and learning? more

I’m glad the author pointed out the “bells and whistles” effect. I know I read a study last semester that indicated that new technology did increase student engagement by simple virtue of being new, but that effect wore off quickly, and perhaps even had a negative effect in the long run. The author here builds in the assumption that the bells and whistles effect will indeed wear off, and only at that point can effectiveness of technology be truly determined.

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It is important to look for "time on task" engagement.

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In addition, engagement should include social or co-use of the technology tool rather than isolated learning with a tool.

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Students should be working together through the tool (eg...synchronous collaboration) or with the tool (eg...in pairs or groups with a device).

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Below are three questions to ask when measuring for engagement in learning goals through a technology tool.

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The technology tool helps students engage in the learning goals

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  1. Does the technology allow students to focus on the task of the assignment or activity with less distraction?
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  3. Does the technology motivate students to start the learning process?
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  5. Does the technology cause a shift in the behavior of the students, where they move from passive to active social learners (co-use)?
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Research to Support Active Engagement

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​Engagement in technology-enhanced lessons does not necessarily correlating with achievement.

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  • Studies on engagement uncovered that while students may be physically present and appear to be actively involved in using the technology tools, in reality they might still be cognitively disengaged from the learning goals (Linnenbrink &Piintrich, 2003).
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Create an environment of active time-on-task learning (learn more about time-on-task engagement)

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  • The tool should help focus student’s attention on the learning goals and the task at hand and not distract from it (Wartella, 2015).
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  • Active learning is when students are actively focused on the learning goals and not just “busy” doing what looks like learning. “active learning occurs when children are “minds-on”—that is, engaged in thinking, reflecting, and effortful mental activity…swiping, tapping, and physically engaging with an app is not the same as “minds-on” activity. “ Ellen Wartella (2015)
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Creating an environment of co-use (social)

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  • A recent report by the Joan Ganz Cooney Center (Vassy et al., 2015) emphasized the importance of social in learning with technology devices for children.
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  • Researchers have promoted the ability to connect with others through media or while using media together as key ways children deepen their learning (e.g., Hirsh-Pasek et al., 2015; Guernsey,2012; Takeuchi & Stevens, 2011).
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  • “joint media engagement, and socially interactive learning more generally, offer young children an environment that can help them learn through the Vygotskian notion of scaffolding, or extending children’s learning beyond what they would learn left on their own.” Ellen Wartella (2015)
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Engagement Checklist

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  1. Does the technology allow students to focus on the task of the assignment or activity with less distraction? Students are focused on the task because the software is helping them create the code that represents their content learning goals (characterization, setting, plot..etc). There are no games or rewards at the end of using the software that distract from the process of learning.
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  3. Does the technology motivate students to start the learning process? Students are interested to connect their code to their complex novel. They are not just "swiping through" their iPad, rather they are carefully planning a code that is representative of their goal so they can see the physical results in the programmable ball that moves.
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  5. Does the technology cause a shift in the behavior of the students, where they move from passive to active social learners (co-use)?Students are working in groups co-using the devices (rather than 1 device per child). Collaboration and constructing knowledge together.
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Triple E Level 2: Enhanced Learning

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Technology can create opportunities for students to move beyond engagement in content, where the technology may simply be replacing a traditional method of instruction, but it is not actually doing anything different than the traditional method was doing.

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We call this the "value-added" aspect of technology.

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Value-added enhancement of learning through technology is when the tool is somehow aiding, assisting, scaffolding learning in a way that could not easily be done with traditional methods.

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Jan 15
Pamela Wegener Pamela Wegener (Jan 15 2018 8:00PM) : Assumptions about teachers more

I think this framework assumes that teachers will be able to effectively create a lesson plan that integrates technology to aid or bring value-added enhancement. It assumes the teacher will know what areas of the lesson to incorporate technology tools (substitute a traditional method with technology). It seems to me this framework in itself is a good professional development topic.

The framework also assumes that teachers already know how to use various software and tech tools well enough to provide students with a software/technology tour to meet learning goals (as in the Dog Sleds case study in paragraph #10).

Another assumption is that teachers will know and understand which technology tool is best to use to enhance learning. How would a teacher know this if the district didn’t offer professional development? A conference? Seeking information on their own?

Lastly, I think the framework assumes that teachers will be able to effectively model how to use the technology to enhance learning. To me, if their teaching skills were not great before the introduction of technology, the integration of the new tool will not dramatically change their teaching style, skills, and performance.

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Jan 16
Robert Norman Robert Norman (Jan 16 2018 1:50PM) : reply more

The professional development angle is always something to keep in mind when we visualize implementation of educational technology, and you raise some excellent questions. There do seem to be assumptions that the technology will be implemented smoothly (as is often the assumption), but of course we know that not all deployment is equal. It sometimes takes a rigorous training program to produce positive results. Professional development program can even harm achievement if implemented improperly.

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Jan 18
Ashley McBride Ashley McBride (Jan 18 2018 11:15AM) : Mentoring and Coaching more

I am a strong believer that professional development courses and conferences are not enough. Teachers are uncomfortable with changing their methods of teaching, not usually because they are lazy or think it will not work better, but because they are nervous that they cannot handle the technology when it is used in the classroom setting.

I know when I taught English I started to use blogs with my 8th graders. When I introduced this to them I got questions about the activity itself and the technology. I was trying to troubleshoot and teach at the same time. Had I had a coach or another co-teacher in the room with me, I feel it would have gone much smoother and would have been less stressful on me when I had 30 or more kids staring at me 5 times in a day. That is why I became a technology coach, so I could help others make that leap.

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This is the level where learning can become personalized and more relatable to the learner.

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This is when technology is really starting to change how learning occurs to make it more meaningful to the learner.

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Below are three questions that should be asked when measuring for enhancement of learning through technology tools.

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  1. Does the technology tool aid students in developing or demonstrating a more sophisticated understanding of the content? (creates opportunities for creation/production over consumption)
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  3. Does the technology create scaffolds to make it easier to understand concepts or ideas?
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  5. Does the technology create paths for students to demonstrate their understanding of the learning goals in a way that they could not do with traditional tools?
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Research to Support Enhanced Learning

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Application Use Should Avoid "Drill and Practice"

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  • "Drill and practice" software has not been successful in showing positive achievements for student learning outcomes (Wenglinsky, 1998).
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Encourage use of technology to help students explore, create and problem-solve

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  • Digital technology use for creating and exploring rather than Drill and Practice, have been found to positively effect student achievement while drill and practice has had negative effects on student achievement scores (National Association of Educational Progress, NAEP via Wenglinsky, 2006).
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  • Supporting or scaffolding technology that creates opportunities for children deepen their learning through social use (e.g., Hirsh-Pasek et al., 2015; Guernsey,2012; Takeuchi & Stevens, 2011).
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  • Value-added strategies such as promoting student self-reflection, self-assessment, and self-explanation through technology can enhance learning outcomes (Means et al. 2009).
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Encourage Quality over Quantity

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  • Studies are finding that the quality of work done with computers is much more important to determining student achievement than the quantity of time spent with devices (Wenglinsky, 2006).
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Enhancement Checklist

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  1. Does the technology tool aid students in developing or demonstrating a more sophisticated understanding of the content? (creates opportunities for creation/production over consumption) By students using technology to research their road trip (using authentic websites to reserve hotels, pay for meals, gas...etc), they are able to assess their understanding of rates, proportions, percents in mathematics with authentic data that connects to the real world (rather than a worksheet). They are using their higher order thinking cognitive skills of analysis, creativity and evaluation.
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  3. Does the technology create scaffolds to make it easier to understand concepts or ideas? The students were able to use technology to better see and experience the connections between math, geography, and social studies in everyday life. They are no longer isolated workbooks or class activities.
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  5. Does the technology create paths for students to demonstrate their understanding of the learning goals in a way that they could not do with traditional tools? There was a lot of choice available because the students could select where to go, what websites and digital resources to use to help aid in their development of the trip. Creation, critical thinking, and construction were all important skills that were enhanced with the aid of technology tools.
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Triple E Level 3: Extended Learning

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Educators are always looking for ways to connect student learning to the authentic world.

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If technology can somehow aid or enhance the ability to create these real-world connections, than learning is being extended outside of the classroom walls and into student's everyday lives.

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In addition, another piece of extension are non-content related skills (often called "soft skills").

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In the digital age, educators are often looking to help their students to start developing grit and P21 skills, that many employers are asking for.

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In order to measure if technology tools are extending learning goals, the following questions can be used for analysis.

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  1. Does the technology create opportunities for students to learn outside of their typical school day?
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    Jan 18
    Ashley McBride Ashley McBride (Jan 18 2018 11:10AM) : This question concerns me more

    This question concerns me. I work in a high achieving school where students are stressed and overwork themselves. The competition to be the best student or have the highest GPA is fierce. While I agree that there should be access for students to continue learning outside of school, I worry that this is a push that can become unhealthy.

    Recently, we have had a number of snow days. Even though these days will be made up and no time will be lost for classroom instruction in the long run, there are teachers who are pushing out learning assignments to students while they are at home. We even had some students who had school work over the one week holiday break! That seems excessive.

    The ability to learn remotely should not pressure students to ignore other important aspects of their lives. Learning on the go or outside the classroom is a great thing, but I think some real conversations need to happen to ensure the push is a healthy one for k-12 students. Higher education is a different can of worms, and those people are adults so this statement is not really aimed at higher education.

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    Jan 18
    Robert Norman Robert Norman (Jan 18 2018 6:14PM) : schools more

    Very interesting perspective! I think anyone who has taught has seen that communication technology definitely breaks down the barriers between you and your students, enabling more frequent communication, but that also creates more opportunities to do work outside of the classroom, which comes into play in a environment like your school.

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    Jan 22
    Pamela Wegener Pamela Wegener (Jan 22 2018 10:40AM) : Seen it First Hand more

    Ashley, you make a great point about the pressure students encounter and the very real need for a conversation to take place. My son is in an international baccalaureate program as a h.s. junior and his teachers all send assignments on snow-days and he had projects assigned during the December holiday break. Of the 10 days off school, 6 of them he was studying. As a parent, I receive a copy of the emails and texts and I couldn’t believe my high school child had more homework than me during the break.

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  3. Does the technology create a bridge between school learning and everyday life experiences?
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  5. Does the technology allow students to build skills, that they can use in their everyday lives?
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Research that Supports Extension

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Avoiding technology that only provides individual isolated content knowledge

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  • Studies have found that reinforcing knowledge or giving isolated content knowledge did not lead to student achievement gains. For example secondary students using technology for content-specific tasks (such as reading or evaluating primary documents in history class) had no correlation on student achievement, but students using computers for more generic academic tasks in school had positive correlation to student achievement. (Wenglinsky, 2006)
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Connecting the student's CURRENT real world with school learning

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  • "Education is not a preparation for life; education is life itself." (Dewey, 1897)
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  • Researchers believe that technology tools need to encourage meaningful learning, where the technology is extending the learning from student’s preexisting knowledge and helping them create new knowledge (Wartella, 2015).
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Extension Checklist

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  1. Does the technology create opportunities for students to learn outside of their typical school day? Students are able to connect with other students to compare and contrast their own lives with those of students in Massachusetts. They are collaborating in real time and choosing tools to help them better connect with their individual pen pals (such as Google Translator or Google Documents)
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  3. Does the technology create a bridge between school learning and everyday life experiences? Students learn to use to technology to connect with other people that are different from them, learn from them and share what they know.
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  5. Does the technology allow students to build skills, that they can use in their everyday lives? Students are learning to use digital tools to build positive digital footprints and make new friends.
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Karen McKinley an ELA curriculum specialist from Warren County Educational Service Center in Lebanon, Ohio shared this user friendly rubric that she designed based on the Triple E Framework.

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She gave permission for other educators to use and share the chart with teachers in their districts.

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Thank you Karen!

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DMU Timestamp: January 02, 2017 19:32

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Jan 13
Dr. Troy Hicks Dr. Troy Hicks (Jan 13 2018 10:09PM) : Reading Task for Triple E Framework more

For this week, please look for a segment in each text where you can reply to the following:

What does this framework for using technology in education assume about teachers and teaching?

What does this framework for using technology in education assume about students and learning?

Please offer at least one comment related to the assumptions about teaching, as well as at least one comment on each document related to the assumptions about learning (2 initial comments). Then, please reply to at least two different classmates on one of their comments (2 responses).

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Jan 19
Jeff Cooper Jeff Cooper (Jan 19 2018 8:32AM) : I sure wish more

I din’t see the rules for engagement until the end. Apparently we all pushed your comments to the bottom. IN the future I will look for this first.

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Apr 7
Mehmood Alam Mehmood Alam (Apr 07 2024 7:43AM) : NAPSRX scam more

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